Little flower sellers

It is not legislation, but economic conditions that prevent child labor. As a young man, the following saying was often heard: “a child's work is little, but the one who wastes it is a fool.”

Não é a legislação, mas as condições económicas que evitam o trabalho infantil. Quando jovem ouvia frequentemente o ditado “o trabalho da criança é pouco, mas quem o perde é louco”.

William Baxter Collier Fyfe (ca 1836-1882)-'the flower girl'-oil on canvas

Antonio Paoletti (1834-1912)-'the little flower seller'-oil on canvas

Thomas Benjamin Kennington (1856-1916)-'the pinch of poverty'-oil on canvas -1891

Augustus Edwin Mulready (1844-1904)-'little flower seller'-oil on canvas

John George Brown (1831-1913)-'buy a rosy'-oil on canvas-1881   Raleigh-North Carolina Museum of Art

Robert Kemm (1837-1895)-'the little flower seller'-oil on canvas

Snow, ice and sports by Régis Gignoux (1816-1882)

Many times, as shown by Marie-Regis-François Gignoux (1816-1882), winter brings a freezing setting where fans can practice their favorite sports suitable for the specific weather condition.

O inverno proporciona muitas vezes, como mostra Marie-François-Régis Gignoux (1816-1882), um ambiente gelado onde os apreciadores podem praticar desportos apropriados à situação meteorológica.

Marie-François-Régis Gignoux (1816-1882)-'view near Elizabethtown, New Jersey'-oil on canvas-1847   Honolulu-Academy of Arts

Marie-François-Régis Gignoux (1816-1882)-'skate on the pond'-oil on canvas   Private collection

Marie-François-Régis Gignoux (1816-1882)-'skating by the mill'-oil on canvas

 
Marie-François-Régis Gignoux (1816-1882)-'first snow along the Hudson river'-oil on canvas-1859  

Marie-François-Régis Gignoux (1816-1882)-winter scene'-oil on canvas     Private collection

Paris Revolution 1848

King Louis Philippe took the throne during the revolution of 1830 and abandoned it in 1848, a year of countless revolutions in most European countries.

O rei Luís Filipe adquiriu o trono na revolução de 1830 e abandonou-o na de 1848, ano de inúmeras revoluções em grande parte dos países da Europa.

Félix-Henri-Emmanuel Philippoteaux (1815-1884)-'the poet Alphonse de Lamartine rejects the red flag of the extreme left; the blue-white-red Tricolore become the National Flag of the Second Republic'-oil on canvas   Paris-Musée du Petit Palais

Anonymous-'Louis Philippe of France leaves the Tuileries Palace in 1848'-coloured etching   Private collection

Jean-Jacques Champin (1796-1860)-'proclamation of the Second French Republic on the Place de la Concorde, February 14, 1848'-oil on canvas   Paris-Musée Carnavalet

Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier (1815-1891)-'barricade in the rue de la Mortellerie, Juin 1848-oil on canvas   Paris-Musée du Louvre  / Orsay

Gaspard Gobaut (1814-1882)-'barricade in the rue Culture Sainte-Catherine, August 23 1848-oil on canvas   Paris-Musée Carnavalet

Astronomers

Due to technical conditions in the scientific field of optics, there was remarkable progress in astronomy, mainly related to the solar system.

Por condições técnicas da área da ótica, houve assinalável progresso da astronomia, relacionado principalmente com o Sistema Solar.

Giuseppe Angeli (1712-1798)-'lesson of astronomy'-oil on canvas-(1757-1759)   St Petersburg-Hermitage

Jan Matejko (1838-1893)-'the astronomer Copernicus: conversatio with God'-oil on canvas-1872   Krakow-Jagiellonian University Museum

Johannes Vermeer van Delft (1632-1675)-'astronomer'-oil on canvas-ca 1662   Paris-Musée du Louvre

Gerrit Dou (1613-1675)-'astronomer by candlelight'-oil on panel-ca 1650   Malibu-J. Paul Getty Museum

François Eisen (ca 1695-1778)-'an astronomer'-oil on canvas   Valenciennes-Musée des Beaux-Arts

Adoration of Christ by the Magi

According to the Gospel of St. Matthew (3:1-12) several personalities from the East came to visit and to give presents to Christ shortly after his birth. They were designated as “Magi” because they were thought to have come from Persia.

De acordo com o Evangelho de São Mateus (III, 1-12) diversas personagens vindas do Oriente teriam visitado e presenteado Cristo pouco depois do seu nascimento. São designados como Reis Magos por se pensar que seriam Persas.

Gentile da Fabriano (ca 1370-1427)-'Adoration of Christ by the Magi'-tempera on wood-1493   Firenze-Galleria degli Uffizi

Benozzo Gozzoli (ca 1421-1497)-'procession of the Magus Melchior'-fresco-1459   Firenze-Palazzo Medici-Ricardi (cappella)

Stefano da Verona (ca 1397-ca 1438)-'Adoration of Christ by the Magi'-tempera on panel-1435   Milano-Pinacoteca di Brera

Master of the Vyssi Brod or Hohenfurth (active ca 1350)-'Adoration of Christ by the Magi'-oil on wood   Prague-Narodni Galerie

Geertgen tot Sint Jans (ca 1465-ca 1495)-'Adoration of Christ by the Magi'-oil on panel-ca 1490   Rotterdam-Museum Boijmans van Beuningen

Goddess Pallas Athena

The legends consider it to be asexual or parthenogenic daughter of Zeus. He belonged to all the 12 Olympian gods. He never married nor his lovers know. It was, along with Ares, unbeatable in war. Although protective of Athens with his cult had spread throughout Greece.

As lendas consideram-na filha partenogénica ou assexuada de Zeus. Pertencia ao conjunto dos 12 deuses olímpicos. Nunca casou nem se lhe conhecem amantes. Era, a par de Ares, imbatível na guerra. Apesar de protectora da Atenas o seu culto encontrava-se difundido por toda a Grécia.

Oltos (?) potter-'Athena and Enceladus fighting'-attic-(red-figure)-dish-ca 525 BC  Paris-Musée du Louvre (CA 3662)

Pamphaios potter / Euphiletos painter-'Athena wearing the aegis'-attic-(black-figure)-hydria-ca 540 BC   Paris-Bibliothèque Nationale de France (Cabinet des Médailles- De Ridder 254)

Andokides (potter, painter)-'fighter with Athena and Hermes'-attic-(red-figure)-amphora-ca 530 BC-Vulci   Paris-Musée du Louvre (G 1)

Nazzano painter-'Athena and Poseidon'-faliscan-(red-figure)-volute krater-ca 360 BC    Paris-Musée du Louvre (CA 7426)

C painter-'birth of Athena'-attic-(black-figure)-tripod-(570-560 BC)-Thebes   Paris-Musée du Louvre (CA 616)

Daily life by Egisto Lancerotto (1847-1916)

For the Italian painter  Aegisthus Lancerotto  (1847-1916) is not always the repetitive monotonous daily life of ordinary citizens, not the particular case of the young people of his time.

Para o pintor Italiano  Egisto Lancerotto (1847-1916) nem sempre é monótona a repetitiva vida quotidiana dos cidadãos comuns, no caso particular das jovens do seu tempo.

Egisto Lancerotto (1847-1916)-'mazurka'

Egisto Lancerotto (1847-1916)-'she loves me'

Egisto Lancerotto (1847-1916)-'familiar scene'

Egisto Lancerotto (1847-1916)-'picking daisies'-oil on canvas   Private collection

Egisto Lancerotto (1847-1916)-'a young woman in a vineyard'

Turkish Siege of Belgrade 1456

The Madrid Skylitzes manuscript shows that the Arabs sacked Thessalonica in 904. It would be occupied by the Ottomans in 1430. The Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II conquered Constantinople in 1453. From 4 to July 22, he besieged the city of Serbia Nandorfehervar (now Belgrade) to try to subdue the Kingdom of Hungary, but he was defeated. They only entered the city on August 28, 1521.

O manuscrito Madrid Skylitzes mostra que os Árabes saquearam Tessalónica em 904. Seria ocupada pelos Otomanos em 1430. O Sultão Otomano Mehmed II conquistou Constantinopla em 1453. De 4 a 22 de julho sitiou a cidade Sérvia de Nandorfehervar (atual Belgrado) para tentar subjugar o Reino da Hungria, mas acabou vencido. Só entraram na cidade a 28 de Agosto de 1521.

Hungarian unknown (19th century)-'battle of Nandorfehervar with Saint Giovanni da Capristano'-oil on canvas

Hungarian unknown (19th century)-' hero Titus Dugovics'-oil on canvas

Unknown-'siege of Belgrade 1456'-miniature

Unknown-'siege of Belgrade 1456'-miniature   Istanbul-Topkapi Szeraj Muzeumban 

Unknown-'Sultan Mehmed leads his army towards fortress of Belgrade in 1456'-miniature   Istanbul-Hunername Ms

Months of the year

For a long time, calendars and months of the year were a theme explored by many artists.

Os calendários e os meses do ano foram durante muitos anos um tema explorado por inúmeros artistas plásticos.

Unknown (13th century)-'January-February'-stained glass window   Chartres-Cathedral

Unknown (13th century)-Mars-May'-stained glass window    Chartres-Cathedral

Unknown (13th century)-'June-August'-stained glass window    Chartres-Cathedral

Unknown (13th century)-'September-November'-stained glass window Chartres-Cathedral

Unknown (13th century)-'January-December'-miniature   Chantilly-Musée Condé (Pietro de' Crescenzi; Rustican, Ms 340)

Circumcision of Christ

According to the Jewish worship the removal of the foreskin was considered as a symbol of divine covenant (Genesis, 17:10-13). There was controversy among the early Christians (St. Paul in his Letter to the Philippians 3:3).

No culto judaico consideravam a remoção do prepúcio como símbolo de aliança divina (Genesis, XVII, 10-13). Houve controvérsia entre os primeiros cristãos (São Paulo in Carta aos Filipenses III, 3).

Michael Pacher (1430-1498)-'Circumcision of Christ'-oil on panel   Sankt Wolfgang (Austria)-Parish Kirche

Giulio Pippi or Romano (1499-1546)-'Circumcision of Christ'-oil on wood transfered to canvas   Paris-Musée du Louvre

Maître de la vie de la Vierge (15th century)-'Circumcision of Christ'-oil on panel   Paris-Musée du Louvre

Master de St Severin (ca 1485-1515)-'Circumcision of Christ'-oil on oakwood   Paris-Musée du Louvre

Francisco de Zurbarán (1598-1664)-'Circumcision of Christ'-oil on canvas   Grenoble-Musée dees Beaux-Arts