Thanatos

This demon from Greek mythology personifies death. In Hesiod “ Theogony” (v. 758) Thanatos is referred as the son of Nyx (Night) and Erebos (total darkness) and as twin brother of Hypnos (Sleep). As a secondary character, he also appears in Roman mythology as the equivalent of Mors or Letus.

Este demónio da mitologia grega personifica a morte. Na Teogonia de Hesíodo (v. 758) aparece como filho de Nix (Noite) e Erebos (escuridão total) e como irmão gémeo de Hipnos (Sono). Igualmente como figura de segundo plano aparece na mitologia romana como equivalente a Mors ou Letus.

Jacek Malczewski (1854-1929)-'Thanatos'-oil on canvas-1898   Poznam-National Museum

Euxitheos (potter) and Euphronios (painter)-'Sarpedon's body carried by Hypnos and Thanatos (Sleep and Death), while Hermes watches'-attic-(red-figure)-(kalyx-krater)-ca 515 BC   formely in New York-Metropolitan Museum of Art   returned to Rome 2008

Unknown-'Thanatos'-sculpture in marble-(325-300 BC)-column drum from the temple of Artemis at Ephesos   London-British Museum (SC 1206 n3)

Unknown-'Hypnos and Thanatos (Sleep and Death) carrying the body of Sarpedon from the battlefield of Troy'-attic-(white-ground)-lekythos-ca 440 BC   London-British Museum (London D56)

Frederic Leighton (1830-1896)-'Heracles wrestling death'-oil on canvas

Daily situations by Thomas Falcon Marshall (1818-1878)

The daily life of individuals and peoples suffered constant changes over the millennia. The North American painter Thomas Falcon Marshall (1818-1878) reproduced on his canvas some of these situations.

O dia a dia das pessoas e povos sofreu constantes transformações ao longo dos milénios. O pintor Norte-americano Thomas Falcon Marshall (1818-1878) reproduziu nas suas telas algumas dessas situações.

Thomas Falcon Marshall (1818-1878)-'seaside visitors'-oil on canvas

Thomas Falcon Marshall (1818-1878)-'the emigrants'-oil on canvas

Thomas Falcon Marshall (1818-1878)-'returning health'-oil on canvas

Thomas Falcon Marshall (1818-1878)-'the king's shilling'-oil on canvas

Thomas Falcon Marshall (1818-1878)-'the fruit sellers'-oil on canvas

Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) in America (1492)

There are many uncertainties about Columbus life. While being at the service of the Kings of Spain, he left the port of Palos and sailed the Atlantic to the West. After a revolt on board, he reached the West India islands in October of the same year of 1492. He left documents of his four travels. He died rich in Valladolid.

Existem muitas incertezas sobre a sua vida. Ao serviço dos Reis de Espanha partiu do porto de Palos e navegou no Atlântico para Ocidente. Depois de revolta a bordo chegou às Antilhas em Outubro do mesmo ano de 1492. Deixou documentadas as suas quatro viagens. Faleceu rico em Valladolid.

Unknown (19th century)-'Columbus departing for his voyage to the New World'-lithography   L. Prang & Co

Emmanuel Gottlieb Leutze (1816-1868)-'Columbus on the deck of the Santa Maria in 1492'-oil on canvas-1855

Dióscoro Teófilo Puebla Tolin (1831-1901)-'first landing of Columbus on October 12, 1492'-oil on canvas   Coruña-Ayuntamiento

Unknown (19th century)-'Christopher Columbus arrives in America or taking possession-lithography   L. Prang & Co

Emmanuel Gottlieb Leutze (1816-1868)-'Columbus before the Queen'-oil on canvas-1843   New York- Brooklyn Museum

Hungarian figures by Miháil Munkácsy (1844-1900)

During the Austro-Hungarian Empire, life in Hungary went on as represented in the paintings of Mihail Munkácsy (1844-1900).

Durante o Império Austro-Húngaro a vida na Hungria decorria como se encontra representada na pintura de Miháil Munkácsy (1844-1900).

Miháil Munkácsy (1844-1900)-'piano-lesson'-oil on panel-ca 1890   Békéscsaba- Miháil Munkácsy Museum

Miháil Munkácsy (1844-1900)-churn woman'-1873   Budapest-Hungarian National Gallery

Miháil Munkácsy (1844-1900)-'they are doing bandage'-1871

Miháil Munkácsy (1844-1900)-the hero of the village'-1875

Miháil Munkácsy (1844-1900)-'pawn-office'-1874

Dutch people portrayed by Cornelis Dusart (1660-1704)

In his paintings Cornelis Dusart (1660-1704) portrays the daily life reality of the 17th century Dutch people.

 Nos seus quadros mostra Cornelis Dusart (1660-1704) a realidade da vida quotidiana dos Holandeses do séc. XVII.

Cornelis Dusart (1660-1704)-'fish market'-oil on canvas-1683   Amsterdam-Rijksmuseum

Cornelis Dusart (1660-1704)-'farming family outside a house'-oil on canvas-1683   Private collection

Cornelis Dusart (1660-1704)-'smoker looking in a stone bottlle'-oil on canvas   Amsterdam-Rijksmuseum

Cornelis Dusart (1660-1704)-'tavern scene'-oil on canvas   Budapest-Museum of Fine Arts

Cornelis Dusart (1660-1704)-'village feast'-oil on canvas-1684   Haarlem-Frans Hals Museum

English peasants revolt (1381)

The peasants’ revolt against the power of feudal lords took place during the reign of Richard II. It was lead by Walter (Wat) Tyler who would be killed by the Mayor of London in front of the king.

A revolta dos camponeses contra o poder dos senhores feudais verificou-se no reinado de Ricardo II. Dirigiu-a Walter (Wat) Tyler que seria morto pelo presidente da Câmara de Londres na presença do rei.

(Style) Loiset Lyédet ( - ) in Jean Froissart (ca 1337-ca 1405)-'Richard II meeting with rebels of Peasant's revolt of 1381'-miniature   Paris-BNF (Ms 2644, f. 154v)

Unknown (20th century)-'Wat Tyler confronted king Richard II in Smithfield'-drawing
Joshua Watts; the museum of history, or, narratives of the most remarkable and interesting events, which have taken place in ancient and modern times, H. Mansfield, New Haven (1921)

Unknown-'Wat Tyler in London'-miniature

Jean Froissart (ca 1337-ca 1405)-'death of Wat Tyler'-miniature   Paris.BNF (Ms Louis de Gruuthuse 2644, fol. 157v

Unknown (14th century)-'death of Wat Tyler (London's mayor, Walworth, killing Wat Tyler)-miniature-(1385-1400)   London-Library Royal (Ms 18 E I-II, f. 175)

Simón Bolivar - South American liberator

A native of Caracas, Simón José Antonio de la Santissima Trinidad Bolivar y Ponte Palacios y Blanco (1783-1830) was the military and politician primary responsible for the independence of the Spanish colonies in the northern part of South America. He died in Santa Marta, Colombia. He received the title of “The Liberator”.

Natural de Caracas foi Simón José Antonio de la Santissima Trinidad Bolivar y Palacios Ponte y Blanco (1783-1830) militar e político o principal responsável pela independência das colónias Espanholas do norte da América do Sul. Faleceu em Santa Marta na Colômbia. Recebe o título de “Libertador”.

Martin Tovar y Tovar (1827-1902)-'battle of Boyacá (August 7, 1919)'-oil on canvas

Martin Tovar y Tovar (1827-1902)-'battle of Carabobo (June 24, 1821)'-mural-1887   Caracas-Capitolio Nacional de Venezuela

Ricardo Acevedo Bernal (1867-1930)-'Bolivar, Santander and other heroes of the Independence out of Congress in Cúcuta'-oil on canvas-1928   Bogotá-Museo Quinta de Bolivar

Francisco de Paula Álvarez ( - )-'Simón Bolivar and Francisco de Paula Santander (1792-1840) traveling to Bogotá with the army of the Libertador after the victory of Boyacá-oil on canvas

Antonio Herrera Toro (1857-1914)-'death of the Libertador'-oil on canvas-1889   Caracas-Museo Boliviano

Women in Homer's Odyssey by John Flaxman (1755-1828)

In “The Odyssey”, Homer created several types of women, all of them showing varying degrees of connection to the hero who had returned from the Trojan War. The Englishman John Flaxman (1755-1828) illustrated one of the many editions of this work.

Na “Odisseia” criou Homero vários tipos de mulher todas com maior ou menor ligação ao herói regressado da guerra de Tróia. O Inglês John Flaxman (1755-1828) ilustrou uma das muitas edições desta obra.

John Flaxman (1755-1828)-'Odysseus, bewailing the fate of his companions, begs Circe to restore them to their original shape'-illustration-1810

John Flaxman (1755-1828)-Leucothea gives her vail to save Odysseus'-illustration-1810

John Flaxman (1755-1828)-Hermes orders Calypso to release Odysseus'-illustration-1810

John Flaxman (1755-1828)-'Nausikaa leads Odysseus to the palace of her father (king Alcinoos)-illustration-1810

John Flaxman (1755-1828)-'the suitors discover Penelop's ruse'-illustration-1810

Italian scenes by Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov (1806-1858)

The thinker and painter Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov (1806-1858), professor of Historical Painting in St Petersburg, his hometown, was in Italy to study classical and Renaissance art.

O pensador e pintor Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov (1806-1858), professor de história da pintura em St Petersburg, sua cidade natal, esteve em Itália a estudar arte clássica e renascentista.

Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov (1806-1858)-'an October holiday in Rome near Ponte Milvio'-oil on canvas    St Petersburg-Russian Museum

Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov (1806-1858)-'festival in Rome in October. Scene of loggia (asking to dance) watercolor on paper   St Petersburg-The State Russian Museum

Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov (1806-1858)-'Italian scene'-watercolor on paper, pencil   Private collection

Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov (1806-1858)-'Ave Maria'-watercolor on paper-1839   St Petersburg-Russian Museum

Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov (1806-1858)-'via Appia antica'-oil on canvas-1845   Moscow-the Tretyakov Gallery

Centauromachy

As the word “machy” means struggle or combat, the word Centauromachy is used instead  to designate  the physical encounters of Centaurs with other mythical beings, such as Theses and the Amazons.

Como o vocábulo maquia significa luta ou combate, usa-se a palavra Centauromaquia para designar os recontros físicos dos Centauros com outros seres míticos, como Teseu e as Amazonas.

Sebastiano Ricci (1659-1734)-'battle of the Lapiths and Centaurs'-oil on canvas-ca 1715   Private collection

Painter of Louvre Centauromachy (5th century)-'Centauromachy'-attic-(red-figure)-column krater-(450-440 BC)   Paris-Musée du Louvre (G 367)

Attr. Foundry painter (5th century)-'Theseus and Centaurs'-attic-(red-figure)-cup-(500-480 BC)   München-Antikensammlungen (Munich 2640)

Attr. Kleophrades painter (5th century)-'Centauromachy, defeat of Kaineus'-attic-(red-figure)-stamnos-(490-480 BC)   Paris-Musée du Louvre (G 55)

Unknown (2th AD)-'Centauromachy (a Centaur woman killed by a tiger; a Centaur is attacking with a rock the tiger; on the left side a leopard watching a scene)'-mosaic-(118-138 AD)   Tivoli-Villa Adriana (Hadrian villa)