Alchemy in Muslim manuscripts

Due to the influence of peoples integrated into the Islamic Empire, especially of Egyptian origin, there was an extensive development of alchemy among a large number of medical professionals and others.

Por influência dos povos integrados no Império Islâmico, sobretudo de origem Egípcia, houve largo desenvolvimento da alquimia entre grande número de profissionais médicos e outros.

Anonymous-'chemical and pharmaceutical process (1)'-miniature   Washington-Smithsonian Institution (Sackler and Freer Gallery)

Anonymous-'chemical process'-miniature   miniature   Boston-Museum of Fine Arts

Anonymous-'chemical and pharmaceutical process (2)'-miniature   Washington-Smithsonian Institution (Sackler and Freer Gallery)

Anonymous-'Miryam and the alchemists'-miniature   London-British Library [Persian Ms Nizami's khamsa (five poems),Shiraz (1435-1436)

Anonymous-'symbols inspired by Egyptian hierogliphs'-miniature  London-British Library (Ms Add. 25724 / Abu l-Quasim al-Iraqi; Kitab-al-Aqalim)

Alice in wonderland by Adrienne Segur (1901-1981)

Lewis Carroll, pseudonym of the English author Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, wrote the famous book 'Alice in Wonderland'. The French artist Adrienne Segur (1901-1981) illustrated one of the book’s various editions.

Lewis Carrol, pseudónimo do Inglês Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, escreveu a célebre obra 'Alice no país das maravilhas'. A Francesa Adrienne Segur (1901-1981) ilustrou uma das várias edições da mesma.

Adrienne Segur (1901-1981)-'Alice and the creatures of wonderland'-illustration

Adrienne Segur (1901-1981)-'little house'-illustration

Adrienne Segur (1901-1981)-'frog valet'-illustration

Adrienne Segur (1901-1981)-'one side will make you grow'-illustration

Adrienne Segur (1901-1981)-'the queen of hearts'-illustration

Russian life (19-20th century)

Christian or revolutionary Russia has always had painters of great intellectual and technical valuable who showed Russian people and their achievements/works to the rest of the world.

A Rússia, cristã ou revolucionária, teve sempre pintores de grande valia intelectual e técnica para mostrarem o seu povo e as suas obras ao resto do Mundo.

Andrei Nikolaevich Rakovitch (1815-1866)-'view of the Kazan Kremlin with the Annunciation Cathedral and Soyembika tower'-oil on canvas-1846   Mowcow-Tretyakov Gallery

Andrei Yefimovich Martinov (1768-1826)-'Russian country scenes'-gouache-1811  Mowcow-Tretyakov Gallery / in 'view of the Baltic countries'

Leonid Ossipovitch Pasternak (1862-1945)-'evening before the examination'-oil on canvas-1895   Paris-Musée d'Orsay

Fiodor Aleksandrovic Modorov (1890-1967)-'meeting of the Central Commitee of the Soviet Comunist Party'-1939   Moscow-Central Revolutionary Museum

Maxim Nikirovich (19th century)-'view of the Kremlin (Moscow) seen from the Moskva river'-oil on canvas-1819   Mowcow-Tretyakov Gallery

Bay of Naples (1887)

In the late nineteenth century, the French Abbot Casimir Chevalier visited the region of Naples. He wrote the book “Naples, le Vesuve et Pompéi: Croquis de Voyage” - [Illustration par Anastasi, Alfred Mame et Fils, Éditeurs, Tours (1887), 4ème Edition] on the subject, with lithographs by Auguste Paul Charles Anastasi (1820-1889). The Spa of Baia was the place where Emperor Hadrian died in 138 AD.

No final do séc. XIX o Abade francês Casimir Chevalier visitou a região de Nápoles. Escreveu livro “Naples, le Vesuve et Pompéi: croquis de voyage” - [Illustration par Anastasi, Alfred Mame et Fils, Éditeurs, Tours” (1887), 4éme édition] sobre o tema, com litografias de Auguste Paul Charles Anastasi (1820-1889). Nas termas de Baia faleceu o Imperador Adriano em 138 AD.

Auguste Paul Charles Anastasi (1820-1889)-'Sorrento'-lithography

Auguste Paul Charles Anastasi (1820-1889)-'Amalfi'-lithography

Auguste Paul Charles Anastasi (1820-1889)-'eruption of Vesuvius in 1858'-lithography

Auguste Paul Charles Anastasi (1820-1889)-'Baia'-lithography

Auguste Paul Charles Anastasi (1820-1889)-Castellamare'-lithography

Psyche by Luca Giordano (1632-1705)

The four paintings by Luca Giordano (1632-1705) about the mythological Psyche are exposed in the English royal collection at Windsor Castle.

As quatro pinturas de Luca Giordano (1632-1705) sobre a mitológica Psyche encontram-se na colecção real Inglesa exposta no Castelo de Windsor.

Luca Giordano (1632-1705)-'Venus punishing Psyche with a task'-oil on copper-(1692-1702)   Windsor-Castle (Royal collection)

Luca Giordano (1632-1705)-'Psyche honoured by the people'-oil on copper-(1692-1702)    Windsor-Castle (Royal collection)

Luca Giordano (1632-1705)-'Psyche served by invisible spirit'-oil on copper-(1692-1702)  Windsor-Castle (Royal collection)

Luca Giordano (1632-1705)-'Psiche's parents offering sacrifice to Apollo'-oil on copper-(1692-1702)  Windsor-Castle (Royal collection)

Battle of Nicopolis 1396

During the Crusades happened the battle of a Christian coalition against the Turks at September 26, 1396 in the Bulgarian zone of Nicopolis ('city of victory'), on the Danube. Venetian ships included.

Durante a Cruzada aconteceu a batalha duma coligação Cristã contra os Turcos  a 26 Setembro de 1396 na zona Búlgara de Nicopolis ('cidade da vitória'), junto ao Danúbio. Incluia navios Venezianos.

Ferenc Lohr (1871-1946)-'Titusz Vay saves the king Sigismund of Hungary in the battle of Nicopolis'-miniature   Viaja-Castle (Main Hall)

Unknown-'Nicopolis final battle'   Paris-BNF (Ms Louis of Gruuthuse, 2644, fol. 220)

Attr. Master of Dresden Prayer book (15th century)-'execution of the prisoners after the battle of Nicopolis-christian revenge for Rahova massacre'-miniature   Paris-BNF (Ms Louis of Gruuthuse, 2646)

Unknown-'Battle of Nicopolis'-drawing-1540   Johann Schiltberger; Ein Wunderbarliche und Kurzweilige historie

Unknown-'battle of Nicopolis'   Paris-BNF (Ms Louis of Gruuthuse, 2644, fol. )

Brazilian customs by Johann Moritz Rugendas (1802-1858)

The German painter Johann Moritz Rugendas (1802-1858) was in Brazil between 1822 and 1825. He left several works about the customs of the beginning of Independence. Some of them are reproduced in his book “Voyage pittoresque dans le Brésil”, Engelman, Paris (1835).

O pintor germânico Johann Moritz Rugendas (1802-1858) esteve no Brasil entre 1822 e 1825. Deixou diversos trabalhos sobre os costumes do início da Independência. Alguns deles encontram-se reproduzidos no seu livro “Voyage pittoresque dans le Brésil”, Engelman, Paris (1835).

Johann Moritz Rugendas (1802-1858)-'capoeira'-oil on canvas-ca 1830

Johann Moritz Rugendas (1802-1858)-batuque or  batucada'-oil on canvas-ca 1830

Johann Moritz Rugendas (1802-1858)-'Indians visiting a Brazilian plantation in Minas Gerais'-oil on canvas-ca 1824

Johann Moritz Rugendas (1802-1858)-'Recife capital of Pernambuco, sometime during the 1820s'-oil on canvas-ca 1830

Johann Moritz Rugendas (1802-1858)-'village of christianized Tapuyos indians'-oil on canvas-ca 1830

Early pharmacies

Practitioners of the art of healing, which currently receive the designation of physicians, used to prepare the drugs they had prescribed. To avoid excesses, the manufacture and sale of drugs began to be practiced by pharmacists.


Os profissionais da arte de curar que actualmente recebem a designação de médicos preparavam os remédios que receitavam. Para evitar excessos, o fabrico e venda de medicamentos passou a ser praticado por farmacêuticos.

Unknown (medieval)-'the production of pharmacy in Islamic apothecary'-miniature   Ms 1224

Unknown (15th century)-'Islamic pharmacy (Avicenna)'-woodcut   Bologna-Biblioteca Universitaria (Avicenna; Cannon of Medicine Ms 2197)

Unknown (14th century)-'an Italian Pharmacy'-miniature   Wien-Österreichsche Nationalbibliothek (Tacuinum sanitatis, codex 2644)

Anonymous-'medieval pharmacy'-woodcut colored   Anonymous; Hortus sanitatis (the garden of health), Strasbourg (1496)

Anonymous-'seller of theriac'-woodcut-1500    in Hieronymus Braunschweg or Brunchwig (ca 1450-ca 1512); Liber de arte distillandi, de simplicibus, Strasbourg (1500)

Sea and boats by Eugène Isabey (1803-1886)

As court painter to Louis Philippe, Louis Gabriel Eugène Isabey participated (1803-1886) in the Expedition to Algiers, as an illustrator.

Na qualidade de pintor da corte de Luís Filipe participou Louis Gabriel Eugène Isabey (1803-1886), como ilustrador, na Expedição a Argel.

Louis Gabriel Eugène Isabey (1803-1886)-'hurricane before Saint Malo'-oil on canvas-1860   Private collection

Louis Gabriel Eugène Isabey (1803-1886)-'ryders on the beach with ship'-oil on canvas-  Private collection

Louis Gabriel Eugène Isabey (1803-1886)-'coastal landscape with boats and constructions'-oil on panel   Private collection

Louis Gabriel Eugène Isabey (1803-1886)-'after the storm'-oil on canvas-1869   Private collection

Louis Gabriel Eugène Isabey (1803-1886)-'sailing near the coast'-oil on canvas-ca 1847   Private collection

Paris by Hubert Robert (1733-1808)

The French painter Hubert Robert (1733-1808) depicted some places and events that took place in Paris during his stay in the city or that he knew of.

O pintor Francês Hubert Robert (1733-1808) representou alguns locais e acontecimentos ocorridos em Paris durante a sua permanência na cidade ou que foram do seu conhecimento.

Hubert Robert (1733-1808)-'demolition of the houses on the pont Notre Dame in 1786'-oil on canvas-1786   Paris-Musée du Louvre

Hubert Robert (1733-1808)-'ruins of the church of Sorbonne (ca 1790)'-oil on canvas-1795   Paris-Musée Carnavalet

Hubert Robert (1733-1808)-'view of the Grand Gallery of the Louvre'-oil on canvas-1796  Paris-Musée du Louvre

Hubert Robert (1733-1808)-'violation of the crypts of the kings in the Basilica of Saint-Denis'--oil on canvas-1795   Paris-Musée Carnavalet

Hubert Robert (1733-1808)-'end of the fire of the Paris Opera House, second room of the Palais Royal, June 8, 1781'-oil on canvas   Paris-Musée du Louvre

Mexico by Codex Friar Durán

Fray Diego Durán (ca 1537-1588) was born in Spain, of non-Christian parents. He grew up in Texcoco, the Aztec capital, where he learned the Nahuatl language and the customs of this native people. In 1556 he became a Dominican. He wrote about the Spanish conquest. In the codex of the National Library (Madrid) there are several illustrations about this topic.

Fray Diego Durán (ca 1537-1588) nasceu em Espanha, sendo filho de pais não Cristãos. Cresceu em Texcoco, capital Asteca, onde aprendeu a língua Nahuatl e os costumes deste povo nativo. Em 1556 tornou-se Dominicano. Escreveu sobre a conquista espanhola. No codex da Biblioteca Nacional (Madrid) há diversas ilustrações sobre este assunto.

Unknown (16th century)-'Pedro de Alvarado (ca 1585-1541) companion-at-arms of Hernando Cortès (1485-1547)'-illustration

Unknown (16th century)-'Montezuma II and his envoys to the Spanish conquerors'-illustration

Unknown (16th century)-'meeting of Hernando Cortès and Montezuma (1466-1520) -illustration-fol. 208v

Unknown (16th century)-'the Totonac Indians helping the conquistadores to transport materials-illustration-fol 204v

Unknown (16th century)-'massacre of the Mexicans'-illustration