Germany (2nd Reich)

Count Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck (1815-1898) unified Germany when he was the Prime Minister of Prussia (1868-1890). The proclamation took place at Versailles (1871), the year he received the title of prince. He became the first Chancellor (1871-1890) of the second Empire (Deutsches Reich), which ended in 1918. The Holy Roman Empire (843-1806) is considered the first empire.


O conde Otto Leopold Eduard von Bismarck (1815-1898) unificou a Alemanha quando Primeiro-Ministro da Prússia (1868-1890). A Proclamação realizou-a em Versalhes (1871), ano em que recebeu o título de príncipe. Tornou-se o primeiro Chanceler (1871-1890) do segundo Império (Deutsches Reich) que terminou em 1918. Considera-se que o primeiro foi o Sacro Império Romano-Germânico (843-1806).

Anton von Werner (1843-1915)-'the Proclamation of the German Empire'-oil on canvas-1885 Friedrichruh-Bismarck Museum

Franz von Lenbach (1836-1904)-'portrait of Otto Bismarck'-oil on canvas-1880 München-Städlisches Galerie im Lenbachhaus

Franz von Lenbach (1836-1904) 'portrait of Otto Bismarck'-oil on wood-1889 München-Städlisches Galerie im Lenbachhaus

Franz von Lenbach (1836-1904) 'portrait of Otto Bismarck in Cuirassier uniform'-oil on canvas-1890 München-Städlisches Galerie im Lenbachhaus

Franz von Lenbach (1836-1904) 'portrait of Otto Bismarck'-oil on canvas-1894 Private collection

Ascensão do III Reich (Rise of the third Reich)

O Partido Nacional-Socialista dos Trabalhadores Alemães (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei) cresceu nos anos 20 devido à acção de Adolf Hitler (1889-30.04.1945). A 9 de Setembro de 1923 conjuntamente com o General Erich Ludendorf (Generalquartiermeister) efectuou em Munique o golpe de Estado conhecido por 'Beer Putsch'. Criou as Schutzstaffen (SS) ou 'pelotão de protecção' do Partido. Eleito governante tomou posse como Chanceler a 30 de Janeiro de 1933 e criou o III Reich (Dritten Reich). O pintor Adolf Ziegler (1892-1959) organizou anualmente após 1937 um Museu de Arte Nazi.

The National Socialist Party of German Workers (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei) grew in the 1920’s due to Adolf Hitler’s activity (1889-30.04.1945). On 9th September 1923, jointly with General Erich Ludendorf (Generalquartiermeister), he held in Munich the coup d’état known as the “Beer Hall Putsch”. He created the Schutzstaffen (SS) or “protection squad” of the Party. As he was elected governor, he took office as Chancellor on 30th January 1933, and he founded the Third Reich (Dritten Reich). The painter Adolf Ziegler (1892-1959) organized annually, after 1937, a Nazi Art Museum.

Schmitt-'Hitler-Ludendorff Putsch' United States Army Museum

Ferdinand Staeger (1880-1977)-'SS Wache' 'SS guards'

(Nazi Art on display at New York Grohman Museum)

Will Tschech (1891-1975)-'high Nazi morale amid the rubble'

Arthur Kampf (1865-1950)-'30 January 1933'

Paul Hermann-'paradefield for the SS (Odeonplatz in front the Feldherrnhalle in München or Field Marshals Hall)' 'Feier des 9 November an der Feldherrnhalle in München'-1941 München-Stadt Museum