Windmills (Moinhos de vento)

Cereals for bread-making were transformed into flour in three types of mills, according to the force used to move the grinding wheel: wind, water, animal traction or hand-mill. Wind power was widely used in several European windy areas.


Os cereais destinados à panificação foram transformados em farinha em três espécies de moinhos, conforme a força utilizada para movimentar a mó móvel: de vento, de água, de tracção animal ou atafonas. A força eólica foi muito empregada em várias zonas europeias muito ventosas.

Jacob Isaaackszoon van Ruisdael (ca 1628-1682)-'tower mill at Wijk-Bij-Duurstede'-oil on canvas-1670 Amsterdam-Rijksmuseum

Thomas James Judkin (1788-1871)-'St Martin's black mill, Canterbury'-oil on canvas-ca 1868 (destroyed 1868)

Ferdinand Loyen du Puigaudeau (1864-1930)-'countryside with a windmill near Batz'-oil on canvas

Jan Jacob Coenraad Spohler (1811-1866)-'windmill in a summer landscape'-oil on panel Private collection

Jan van Vlaardingen Couver (1836-1909)-'harbour with windermill'-oil on canvas Private collection

Windmills of Montmartre

Van Gogh Windmills of Montmartre oil on canvas 1886 Otterlo Kröller-Müller Museum

Maurice Utrillo, Old  antigos Windmills of Montmartre and Debray Farm,  oil on canvas,  1923 private collection

Van Gogh, Moulin de la Galette, oil on canvas, Berlin Neue Nationalgalerie

Quarries, vineyards, windmills
19-20th centuries composers (Berlioz, Eric Satie), painters (Maurice Utrillo, Amedeo Modigliani, Henri Matisse)
Place du Tertre: Saturdays (afternoon outdoor painters) (night Beaujolais and Paris canaille)