Smoking waterpipe (hookah, narghile)

The use of this appliance is very widespread in several countries, particularly among consumers who make use of Indian hemp derivatives.

A utilização deste aparelho encontra-se muito divulgada em vários países, particularmente entre os consumidores de derivados de cânhamo indiano.

Rudolf Ernst (1854-1932)-'smoking the hookah'-oil on panel   Private collection

Rudolf Ernst (1854-1932)-'preparing the hookah'-oil on panel   Private collection

Unknown-'two Indians courtesans wearing saris and jewellery; one smokes a waterpipe and the other offers her a 'pan' with a mild narcotic'   London-British Library (Id Add Or 3341) 



Unknown-'courtesan smoking a hookah'-1865   London-British Library (Id Add Or 1878) 

Unknown-'Abu Zafar Siraj al-Din Muhammad smoking a hookah'-1810   London-British Library (Add Or 343)