Batalha naval de Trafalgar (Battle of Trafalgar)

Esta batalha naval ocorreu a 21 de Outubro de 1805 durante a terceira aliança europeia contra o poderio militar de Napoleão Bonaparte, Imperador de França. A armada francesa procurou afastar a esquadra inglesa do canal da Mancha para permitir a invasão da Grã-Bretanha. Ocorreu no cabo do mesmo nome na província espanhola de Cádiz. A França perdeu 12 dos 18 barcos e a Espanha 10 dos 15. Faleceram Cosme Damián Churruca, comandante do navio San Juan Nepomuceno e o almirante Horácio Nelson. A Inglaterra tornou-se 'dona dos mares' e comemorou o acontecimento em Londres com a criação da Praça de Trafalgar e coluna de Nelson.


This naval battle took place on October 21, 1805 during the third European alliance against the military power of Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of France. The French navy tried to keep the English fleet way from the English Channel to allow the invasion of Britain. It happened in the Cape with the same name (Trafalgar), in the Spanish province of Cadiz. France lost 12 of its 18 boats and Spain 10 out of 15. Cosme Damián Churruca, the captain of the ship San Juan Nepomuceno, and admiral Horatio Nelson died. England became ‘mistress of the seas’ and celebrated the event in London with the creation of Trafalgar Square and Nelson's column.

Nicolas Pocock (1740-1821)-'situation at 13 hours'-oil on canvas

Nicolas Pocock (1740-1821)-'situation at 17 hours'-oil on canvas

Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775-1851)-'the battle of Trafalgar, as seen from the mizen starboard shrouds of the Victory'-oil on canvas-(1806-1808) London-Tate Gallery

Auguste Étienne François Mayer (1805-1890)-'the Redoutable at Trafalgar'-oil on canvas-1836 Paris-Musée de la Marine

Louis-Philippe Crépin (1772-1851)-'Trafalgar battle'-oil on canvas 1807

Batalha de Kulikovo (Battle of Kulikovo-1380)

Consideram esta batalha contra os Tártaro-Mongóis como o início da Rússia. As tropas (80.000-150.000) de Dimitri Ivanovich, Príncipe de Moscovo, afrontaram as de Khan Mamai (125.000-300.000) auxiliadas pela cavalaria Mongol (Horda dourada). Iniciou-se a 8 de Setembro de 1380 com um combate a dois entre Peresvet, monge ortodoxo, e Temir-mueza, em que apenas o primeiro continuou montado no cavalo. Mamai escapou mas envenenaram-no na Crimeia no decurso do seu exílio. Como a batalha ocorreu na planície de Tula Oblast, junto do rio Don, o Príncipe recebeu o título de Donsky.


This battle against the Mongol-Tatars is considered as the beginning of Russia. Dimitri Ivanovich troops (80.000-150.000), prince of Moscow, fought those of Khan Mamai (125.000-300.000) aided by the Mongol cavalry (Golden Horde). It started on September 8, 1380, with a single combat between two men: Peresvet, an orthodox monk, and Temir-murza, in which only the first remained on his saddle. Mamai escaped but was later poisoned during his exile in Crimea. As the battle occurred on the plains of Tula Oblast, near Don River, the Prince was given the title of Donsky.

Anonymous-'Battle of Kulikovo'-illustration-17th century

Victor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov (1848-1926)-'duel of Alexander Peresvet and Mamai's champion'

Adolphe Yvon (1817-1893)-'Dimitry Donsky in the thick of fray'-oil on canvas-1850 Moscow-Kremlin Grand Palace

Vassily Sazonov (1789-1870)-'exhausted Dimitry having his wounds cared after the battle'

Unknown-'the field of Kulikovo'-ink, tempera, gold coloured by I. G. Blinov Moscow-State Historical Museum of Russia

Batalhas de Alexandre Magno (II) (Alexander The Great battles)

Da batalha de Granico, na Ásia Menor, à de Hidaspes, junto do rio Indo entre as cidades Paquistanesas de Lilla e Bhora, Alexandre venceu várias batalhas. Em Issus derrotou Dario III; em Gagamela, erroneamente denominada Arbela, eliminou definitivamente o poderio deste rei Persa a 1de Outubro de 331 aC.

From the battle of the Granicus, in Asia Minor, till the battle of Hydaspes along the Indus River between the Pakistani cities of Lille and Bhora, Alexander won several battles. At Issus he defeated Darius III; in Gaugamela, erroneously called Arbela, he finally eliminated the power of this Persian king on 1 October 331 BC.

Albrecht Altdorfer (1480-1538)-'battle of Alexander (Issus) (333 BC)'-tempera on wood-1529 München-Alte Pinakothek

Unknown-'Tyrus obessa et capta ab alexandro (331 BC)' 'Tyr surrounded and invaded by Alexander'

Jean André Castaigne (1861-1929)-'the charge of the Persian scythed chariots at the battle of Gaugamela (October 331 BC)'-drawing-(1898-1899)

Charles Le Brun (1619-1690)-'Alexander and Porus (Puru) during the battle of Hydaspes (326 BC)'-1673

Jean André Castaigne (1861-1929)-'Alexander attack troops during the battle of Hydaspes'-drawing-(1898-1899)