Fountain of Youth (Fonte da juventude)

The fountain of immortality or eternal youth evokes notions of purification and regeneration. It is related to the fascination of human beings with water and with the benefits for those who would drink it. One of its origins would be the lost Garden of Eden. It is part of imaginary paradises like the philosopher's stone, the elixir of a long life, the universal panacea. Juan Ponce de Leon (1474-1521), governor of Puerto Rico, is said to have left Florida on an expedition for the purpose of finding the fountain of immortality.


A fonte da imortalidade ou da eterna juventude evoca noções de purificação e regeneração. Encontra-se ligada à fascinação dos seres humanos pela água e benefícios para quem a bebesse. Uma das suas origens seria o perdido Jardim do Éden. Pertence aos paraísos imaginários como a pedra filosofal, o elixir da longa vida, a panaceia universal. Juan Ponce de Léon (1474-1521), governador de Porto Rico, teria partido da Florida numa expedição com a finalidade de a encontrar.

Manner of the Epeleios painter-'youth washing himself at the fountain'-attic-kylix-(red-figures)-Vulci-(510-500 BC) Città del Vaticano-Musei

Eduard Veith (1856-1925)-'mythical fountain of youth'

Lucas Cranach the elder (1472-1553)-'fountain of youth'-oil on wood-1546 Berlin-Gemäldegalerie

Giovanni Segantini (1858-1894)-'Amor at the life well. The fountain of youth'-oil on canvas-1896

Hans Sebald Beham (1500-1550)-'fountain of youth'-woodcut-(1530-1545) Washington-National Gallery of Art

Copenhagen Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek-Egyptian Etruscan Mesopotamian

This collection of antiques from various sources reveals the good taste of those who chose the pieces among several from the same places and epochs.


Esta recolha de peças antigas de diversas origens revela o bom gosto de quem as escolheu entre várias dos mesmos locais e épocas.

Unknown-'Ré'-egyptian bas relief

Unknown-'Ramses II and Ptah Tatenen´-egyptian statue

Unknown-'symposium scene'-fresco-etruscan tomb

Unknown-'bull'-relief-Ishtar gate (Babylon)

Unknown-'Gudea of Lagash'-sumerian statue

Christian Cathedrals (Catedrais Cristãs)

In addition to being local daily worship centres, cathedrals were the centre of a lot of pilgrimages during medieval times. The most important pilgrimages to these places had specific routes with local overnight stay.


Além de locais de culto diário eram centros de numerosas peregrinações na época medieval. As peregrinações mais importantes a esses lugares possuíam itinerários específicos com locais de pernoita.

Axel Hermann Haig -'St. Fine Barre's cathedral, Cork'-oil on canvas 1862 Private collection

Boris Mikhaylovich Kustodiev (1878-1927) -'cathedral of Kazan'-oil on canvas

Fyodor Alexeyev (1753-1824)-'the Cathedral Square in Moscow Kremlin'-oil on canvas

Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot (1796-1875)-'Chartres cathedral'-oil on canvas-1830 Paris-Musée du Louvre

Claude Oscar Monet (1840-1926)-'Rouen cathedral, full sunlight'-oil on canvas-1894 Paris-Musée du Louvre

Housework (Trabalhos caseiros)

Lower social classes have always performed their housework with the help of several family members.


Em todos os tempos as classes sociais menos favorecidas executaram os seus trabalhos caseiros com recurso aos diversos familiares.

Albert Samuel Anker (1831-1910)-'queen Bertha and the spinners'-oil on canvas-1888

Albert Samuel Anker (1831-1910)-'industrious'-'die Arbeitsamen' oil on canvas-1883

Albert Samuel Anker (1831-1910)-'kids breakfast'-'kinderfrüstück' oil on canvas

Albert Samuel Anker (1831-1910)-'girl chicken feedings'-'Mädchen hühner fütternd' oil on canvas

Albert Samuel Anker (1831-1910)-'knitting girl'-'strickendes Mädchen vor Fensternisches'-aquarell Private collection

Austrian-Turkish War (1683) - Guerra Austro-Turca (1683)

A Holy League with the participation of Polish, Austrian and German troops was created for the defense of Austria against the Ottoman Empire. Vienna was under siege for two months until the arrival of the Poles. Jan Sobierski, king of Poland, took command of the defending army. The grand vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha Merzifonlu (1634-1683) led the 90,000 Ottoman troops. When the battle in the mountains of Vienna (Kahlenberg) finished, Sobierski met Leopold I in Schwechat. He offered the victory to the Pope while paraphrasing Julius Caesar “venimus, vidimus et Deus vicit”. With this victory the Habsburgs gained remarkable predominance in Central Europe.


Para a defesa da Áustria contra o Império Otomano criou-se a Liga Santa na qual participaram tropas Polaco-Austro-Alemãs. Viena esteve sitiada dois meses até à chegada dos Polacos. Jan Sobierski, rei da Polónia, assumiu o comando do exército defensor. Dirigia os 90.000 soldados Otomanos o Grão-vizir Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha (1634-1683). Finda a batalha nas montanhas de Viena (Kahlenberg), Sobierski encontrou-se com Leopoldo I em Schwechat. Ofereceu a vitória ao Papa e parafraseou Júlio César «venimus, vidimus et Deus vicit». Com esta vitória os Habsburgos ganharam grande predominância na Europa Central.

Franz Geffels (1635-1699)-'Vienna battle at the Kahlenberg 1683'-oil on canvas Wien-Historisches Museum der Stadt Wien (Karlplatz)

Juliusz Kossak (1824-1899)-'Schlacht bei Wien 1683, unter dem Kommando von König Johann II Sobieski von Pole. Im Hintergrund stift Klosternenburg' 'Battle of Vienna in 1683, under the command of King John II Sobieski of Poland. In the background pin Klosternenburg '-oil on canvas-1882

Józef Brandt (1841-1915)-'leaving Vienna or return from Vienna 1683'-oil on canvas

Jan Matejko (1838-1893)-'Sobieski sending message of victory to the Pope'-oil on canvas

Arthur Grottger (1837-1867)-'Sobieski meeting Leopold I after battle of Vienna, September 12, 1683'oil on canvas-1859 Lviv-Art Gallery

Danae

Princess Danae, Akrisios’ daughter, king of Argos, due to information provided by an oracle, was hidden to avoid any sexual contact. Zeus fell upon her in the form of rain and impregnated her. Perseus was born out of this union.


A princesa Danae, filha de Acrísio, rei de Argos, devido à informação prestada por um oráculo, estava escondida para evitar contactos de natureza sexual. Zeus caiu sobre ela na forma de chuva e engravidou-a. Da união nasceu Perseu.

Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (1606-1669)-'Danae'-oil on canvas-1636 St Petersburg-Hermitage

Antonio Allegri (Correggio) (ca 1489-1534)-'Danae'-oil on canvas-ca 1531 Roma-Galleria di Villa Borghese

Alexandre-Jacques Chantron (1842-1918)-'Danae'-oil on canvas-1891

Orazio Gentileschi (ca 1563-1639)-'Danae'-oil on canvas-1621 Cleveland (Ohio)-Museum of Art

Jan Gossaert called Mabuse (ca 1472-ca 1533)-'Danae'-oil on wood-1527 München-Alte Pinakothek

Jerusalem (Jerusalém)

The city of Jerusalem is located in the Judean Mountains. Solomon built the first temple destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar in 538 BC. The second would be razed to the ground by the Romans in 70 AD during the Great Jewish Revolt. This event sets the beginning of the Jewish Diaspora. It became a spiritual center (Wailing Wall, Holy Sepulcher, Mosques) for three religious groups (Jews, Christians, Muslims) who consider it the Holy City. It underwent two destructions, 23 besiegements, 52 attacks, 44 conquests and recaptures.


A cidade de Jerusalém localiza-se nas montanhas Judaicas. Salomão construiu o primeiro templo destruído por Nabucodonosor em 538 aC. O segundo seria arrasado pelos Romanos em 70 AD no decurso da Grande Revolta Judaica. Com este acontecimento inicia-se a diáspora Judaica. Tornou-se centro espiritual (Muro das Lamentações, Santo Sepulcro, Mesquitas) de três grupos religiosos (Judeus, Cristãos, Muçulmanos) que a consideram Cidade Santa. Sofreu duas destruições, 23 cercos, 52 ataques, 44 conquistas e reconquistas.

David Roberts (1796-1864)-'the siege and destruction of Jerusalem'-oil on canvas-1850

David Roberts (1796-1864)-'view of Jerusalem'-oil on canvas-1839

Anonymous-'the Mosque El Aksa'-engraving (Charles Claude Bachelier and Albert Adam) in Contre-Amiral Paris; Souvenirs de Jerusalem

Gustav Bauernfeind (1848-1904)-'the Wailing wall'- oil on canvas

Gustav Bauernfeind (1848-1904)-'at the entrance to the Temple Mount'-oil on canvas-1886

Lot and his daughters (Lot e filhas)

The Biblical story of Lot and his daughters is described in the book of Genesis (XIX, 30-38). When leaving Sodom, they felt the need to leave some offspring. This is considered the first known case of incest.


O episódio bíblico de Lot e as filhas encontra-se descrito no livro do Genesis (XIX, 30-38). Ao abandonar Sodoma sentiram necessidade de deixar descendência. Considera-se o primeiro caso conhecido de incesto.

Jan Harmenszoon Müller (1571-1628)-'Lot and daughters'-oil on canvas-ca 1600 Private collection

Hendrick Goltzius (1558-1617)-'Lot and daughters'-oil on canvas-1616 Amsterdam-Rijksmuseum

Orazio Gentileschi (1563-1639)-'Lot and daughters'-oil on canvas1621 Madrid-Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza

Lucas van Leyden (ca 1490-1533)-'Lot and daughters'-engraving Auckland-Art Gallery

Joachim Antoniszoon Wtewael (1566-1638)-'Lot and daughters'-oil on copper St Petersbourg-Hermitage

Navis plenis velis

The Merchant Navy, fleets and pirates’ ships have long stories to tell, which painters of various nationalities have used as inspiration in their works.


A marinha mercante, a armada e os navios de piratas têm longas histórias para contar que os pintores das várias nacionalidades vão aproveitando para as suas obras.

Diego Homem (16th century)-'two galleons fighting'-oil on canvas

Francisco de Zurbarán (1598-1664)-'defence of Cadiz against the English'-oil on canvas-1634 Madrid-Museo del Prado

Hendrick Corneliszoon Vroom (1566-1640)-'Dutch ships ramming galleys of the Flemish coast in October 1602'-oil on canvas-1617 Amsterdam-Rijksmuseum

Jan Karel Donatus van Beecq (1638-1722)-'Port St Jacques in Cuba Island' copper plate engraving

Howard Pyle (1853-1904)-'pirates attacking a Spanish galleon in the West Indies'-oil on canvas Private-collection

Pergola (Pérgula)

The word derives from the Latin “pergula”, which had the same meaning. These types of verandas are characterized as forming galleries covered with spaced beams, supported by pillars and garnished with climbing plants. They are intended for short walks in the shade.


Deriva do latim “pergula” onde possuía idêntico significado. As varandas deste tipo apresentam-se como galerias cobertas de travessas espaçadas suportadas por pilares e guarnecidas de trepadeiras. Destinam-se a curtos passeios à sombra.

Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg (1783-1853)-'pergola'-oil on canvas-(1813-1816) Copenhagen-Statens Museum for Kunst

Silvestro Lega (1826-1895)-'pergola'-oil on canvas Milano-Civica Galleria d'Arte Moderna

Carl Fredrik Aagaard (1833-1895)-'mediterranean pergola in Amalfi'-oil on canvas-ca 1880

Heni-Jean-Guillaume Martin (1860-1943)-'the pergola'-oil on canvas-1915 Indianapolis-Museum of Art

Ferdinand Loyen du Puigaudeau (1864-1930)-'the trellis by the river'-1911