Nikolai Alexejevitsch Kasatkin

The Russian painter Nikolai Alexejevitsch Kasatkin (1851-1934) focused on the social aspects of his time prior to the Revolution of 1917.

O pintor Russo Nikolai Alexejevitsch Kasatkin (1851-1934) debruçou-se sobre os aspectos sociais do seu tempo anteriores à Revolução de 1917.

Nikolai Alexejevitsch Kasatkin (1851-1934)-'wet-nurse'-oil on canvas-1910

Nikolai Alexejevitsch Kasatkin (1851-1934)-'in the corridor of the District Court'-oil on canvas   Sevastopol-Art Museum

Nikolai Alexejevitsch Kasatkin (1851-1934)-'poor collecting coal'-oil on canvas-1894   St Petersburg-Russian Museum

Nikolai Alexejevitsch Kasatkin (1851-1934)-'salincatka'-oil on canvas

Nikolai Alexejevitsch Kasatkin (1851-1934)-'rival ladies'-oil on canvas-1890   Moscow-Tretyakov Gallery

Allegories

An allegory is considered an image which is provided to better understand an exposed issue. The Spanish playwright Pedro Calderon de la Barca (1600-1681) defines allegory in “The True God Pan” as «a mirror that moves what is with what is not» (la alegoria no es más / que un espejo que traslada / lo que es con lo que no es).

Considera-se como imagem fornecida para melhor entender o assunto exposto. O dramaturgo Espanhol Pedro Calderón de la Barca (1600-1681) define alegoria em “The True God Pan” como «the allegory is but a mirror that moves what is with what is not» (la alegoria no es más / que un espejo que traslada / lo que es con lo que no es).

Jerzy Eleuter Szymonowicz Siemiginowski (1660-1711)-'allegory of Spring'-oil on canvas-ca 1880   Warsaw-Willánow Palace Museum

Francisco de Goya (1746-1826)-'allegory of the Constitution of 1812 (truth, time and history)'-oil on canvas   Stockholm-National museum

Diego de Rivera (1886-1957)-'allegory of California'-freco-1930   San Francisco-Pacific Stick Exchange Tower

Anonymous (19th century)-'allegory from the proclamation of the First Spanish Republic (1873)'  from 'La Flaca'

Ignacio de Ries (ca 1612-1661). 'allegory of the Tree of Life'-1653   Segovia-Catedral

Polish people by Jacek Malczewski

Jacek Malczewski (1854-1929) studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Krakow and traveled to Paris and Munich. He was successful with motifs connected to the tragic situation in Poland.

Jacek Malczewski (1854-1929) estudou na Academia de Belas Artes de Cracóvia. Viajou por Paris e Munique. Teve sucesso com os temas sobre a trágica situação da Polónia.

Jacek Malczewski (1854-1929)-'back in the homeland, also known as back from Siberia'-oil on canvas

Jacek Malczewski (1854-1929)-'sunday in the mine'-oil on canvas

Jacek Malczewski (1854-1929)-'the temptation of fortune'-oil on canvas

Jacek Malczewski (1854-1929)-'Rusalka'-oil on canvas

Jacek Malczewski (1854-1929)-'poisoned well'-oil on canvas

Pillory: derision and punishment

Sentences of offenders, who would be exposed to mockery, to corporal punishment and sometimes death, were read in front of pillories - stone or wooden columns with iron hooks or wooden boards.

Em frente dos pelourinhos, colunas de pedra ou madeira com ganchos de ferro ou placas de madeira, liam-se as sentenças dos delinquentes que iam ser expostos ao escárnio, à punição corporal e por vezes à morte.

Thomas Rowlandson (1756-1829) and Augustus Charles Pugiri (1762-1832) after John Bluck (1791-1819)-'the pillory at Charing Cross'-aquatint and engraving-1809

James Charles Armytage ( -1902)-'Daniel Defoe (ca 1659-1731)'   London-National Portrait Gallery

Unknown (18th century)-'pillored Titus Oates (1649-1705)'-engraving   Robert Chambers; Book of day

Jean-Baptiste Debret (1768-1848)-'view of the Teatro São João of Rio de Janeiro'-lithography with water colors

Robert Harris (1849-1919)-'the Charlottetown pillory'-drawing, ink, wash and pencil on paper

Lyon, Musée des Beaux-Arts

Due to the high quality of the artworks on display, many French regional museums are worth visiting, The Fine Arts Museum in Lyon is an example.

Pela qualidade das obras de arte expostas, diversos museus regionais franceses merecem ser visitados, como o de Belas-Artes de Lyon.

Jacopo Robusti or Tintoretto (1518-1594)-'Danaé'-oil on canvas-ca 1570

Edgar Degas (1834-1917)-'danseuse sur scène (dancer on stage)'-oil on canvas-ca 1889

Paul Cézanne (1839-1906)-'baigneurs (bathers)'-oil on canvas-ca 1892

Paul Gauguin (1848-1903)-'nave nave mahana (delicious days)'-oil on canvas-1896

Claude Bonnefond (1796-1860)-'vows to Our Lady or Madonna'-oil on canvas-1835

First World War (1914-1918) by Julien Le Blant

This war took place in Europe, involving the Triple Entente (Allies) and the Central Powers and the Ottoman Empire. Although chemical weapons had been considered illegal 10 years before, they were used in 1917. They were intended to dislodge the soldiers stationed in trenches which were separated by the 'no man’s land'. Julien Le Blant (1851-1936) shows the drama of combatants and their families.

Verificou-se na Europa entre a Tríplice Entente (aliados) e as Potências Centrais e Império Otomano. Apesar de as armas químicas terem sido consideradas ilegais 10 anos antes, foram utilizadas em 1917. Destinavam-se a desalojar os soldados acantonados em trincheiras separados pela 'terra de ninguém'. Julien Le Blant (1851-1936) mostra o drama de combatentes e familiares.

Julien Le Blant (1851-1936)-'soldiers of the First World War'

Julien Le Blant (1851-1936)-'soldiers of the First World War'

Julien Le Blant (1851-1936)-'soldiers of the First World War'

Julien Le Blant (1851-1936)-'soldiers of the First World War'

Julien Le Blant (1851-1936)-'soldiers of the First World War'

Boats by Alfred Thompson Bricher

The North American painter Alfred Thompson Bricher (1837-1908), associated with 'White Mountain Art' and 'Hudson River School', had a great passion for boats.

O pintor Norte-Americano Alfred Thompson Bricher (1837-1908), associado a 'White Mountain Art' e 'Hudson River School', teve grande paixão pelas embarcações.

Alfred Thompson Bricher (1837-1908)-'a pensive moment'-gouache and watercolor on paper

Alfred Thompson Bricher (1837-1908)-'sailboats in an inlet'-gouache and watercolor on paper

Alfred Thompson Bricher (1837-1908)-'along the Hudson'-oil on panel

Alfred Thompson Bricher (1837-1908)-'harbor'-watercolor on paper-ca 1880   New York-Brooklyn Museum

Alfred Thompson Bricher (1837-1908)-'coastal scene with lighthouse'-gouache and watercolor on paper-1875

Swizerland by Diebold Schilling the younger

The democratic constitutional republic called the Helvetic Confederation was formed in the year 1291. It endured several wars mentioned by Diebold Schilling, the younger (ca 1460-1515) in the “Luzerner Chronik” (1513).  Four languages​​ are spoken in the Swiss Cantons.

A república democrática constitucional denominada Confederação Helvética formou-se no ano de 1291. Suportou várias guerras mencionadas por Diebold Schilling the younger (ca 1460-1515) na “Luzerner Chronik” (1513). Nos diversos Cantões falam-se quatro línguas.

Diebold Schilling the younger (ca 1460-1515)-'battle of Tannenberg', Grunwald, Zalgiris (15th July, 1410)-miniature

Diebold Schilling the younger (ca 1460-1515)-'battle of Giornico (28th December 1478-Canton Ticino)'-miniature

Diebold Schilling the younger (ca 1460-1515)-'battle of Hard, near Bregenz (Austria) in Swabian war (February 20, 1499)'-miniature

Diebold Schilling the younger (ca 1460-1515)-'women and priests retriew the dead bodies of Swabian soldiers just outside the city gates of Constace after the battle of Schwaderlach, Triboltingen (April 11, 1499) '-miniature

Diebold Schilling the younger (ca 1460-1515)-'Swiss mercenaries crossing the Alps after de conquest of Cremona (1510)'-miniature

Vatican City State

This city-state, a walled enclave of 44 acres located on the right bank of the Tiber, was established in 1929 by the Lateran Treaty. In its facilities are the headquarters of the Holy Apostolic See. It has gardens, museums, library, archive, and palaces.

Esta cidade-Estado, enclave muralhado de 44 hectares situado na margem direita do Tibre, ficou estabelecida em 1929 pelo Tratado de Latrão. Nas suas instalações encontra-se sediada a Santa Sé Apostólica. Possui jardins, museus, biblioteca, arquivo e palácios.

Viviano Codazzi (1604-1670)-'St Peter'-oil on canvas-ca1630   Madrid-Museo del Prado

Antonio Joli (ca 1700-1777)-'St Peter church and St Peter square'-oil on canvas    Private collection

Caspar Adrianszoon van Wittel (ca 1653-1736)-'view of St Peter's and Vatican seen from Prati di Castello'-oil on canvas        Private collection

Giovanni Paolo Pannini (1691-1765)-'interior of st Peter'-oil on canvas-1754   Washington-National Gallery of Art

George Cooke (1793-1844)-'interior of st Peter'-oil on canvas-1847

Ippolito Caffi (1809-1866)-'St Peter's and Vatican the Palace'-oil on canvas        Private collection

Death of Archimedes of Syracuse

Archimedes of Syracuse (287-212 BC) has been considered one of the greatest mathematicians in the world. He invented war machines to defend his city during the siege of the Romans. Despite orders given to Roman soldiers to keep Archimedes alive, he was stabbed to death by one of them.

Arquimedes de Siracusa (287-212 BC) tem sido considerado um dos maiores matemáticos mundiais, inventou máquinas de guerra para defesa da sua cidade durante o cerco dos Romanos. Apesar de haver ordens para não matar Arquimedes, este morreu apunhalado por um soldado inimigo.

Giovanni Battista Langetti (1635-1676)-'Archimedes with allegorical figures of war and peace'-oil on canvas   Private collection

Sebastiano Ricci (1659-1734)-'the refusal of Archimedes'-oil on canvas   Hannover Staats Museum

Unknown-'death of Archimedes'-engraving   in Giovanni Maria Mazzuchelli (1707-1765); Notizie istoriche e critiche intorno alla vita, alle invenzioni, ed agli scritti di Archimede Siracusano

Gustave Courtois (1853-1923)-'death of Archimedes'-engraving

Unknown-'the last hour of Archimedes'-engraving   in Charlotte Mary Yonge; a pictorial history of the world's great Nations from the earliest dates to the present time, vol. I, pg. 266